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How Tourism Can Save Indian Tigers
If you love tigers then would know that the head count of the big cats is reducing at an alarming rate. Poaching, deforestation, population and livestock pressures, revenge killings, pelt sales, Chinese medicine – the reasons are endless. At the last count there were only 1409 tigers left in India. So, what’s the solution? |
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The answer to the perennial problem of wildlife extinction might lie in the concept of Wildlife Tourism. Julian Matthews, chairman of Travel Operators for Tigers (TOFT) campaign says “I believe that tourism is a good thing for tiger conservation. It gives them extraordinary protection through the passive viewing and monitoring of these magnificent creatures”.
According to statistics, national parks and sanctuaries, which are commercially viable, hold the maximum numbers of tigers left in India. Tourism and commercial feasibility have an impact on the health of a park. Not only Government and International funding are obtained for these, but the management also gets motivated to implement measures to protect the endangered. Constant attention and vigil from various segments of the society like conservationists, naturalists, visitors, tourists, hotel owners and NGOs keep the staff and management on their toes. |
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Reported instances of Tiger Poaching: |
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1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
14 |
38 |
39 |
35 |
47 |
8 |
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| Problems at large |
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The primary problem lies in
illegal poaching of the tigers. Belinda Wright,
Director of Wildlife Protection Society of India
(WPSI), talks of the urgency of the situation.
"Tigers will be poached wherever they are found,
given the poor enforcement. The time for making
reports and committees is over. We need
enforcement". She further states that simple
villagers are lured with money by organized
criminals and sent to the remotest corners of
India for hunting tiger parts. |
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Indian Wildlife Tourism should
take heart from a country like South Africa
where the maintenance cost of the national parks
is nearly generated from the tourism industry. A
major part of the expenses of the parks are
covered by the tourists. Whereas, the fees
collected at the Indian sanctuaries are a
miniscule part percentage of the cost
involved.
Julian suggests that the
solution lies in eco-tourism that needs to be
extended further and wider. The Indian
Government needs to open up more areas of
reserve forests, sanctuaries and parks to the
outside world for the generation of revenue. It
also has to ensure that quality, instead of
quantity, gets in. A bigger stake of the income
should also be shared with the "communities
living next to or within forests," to make them
realize being a part of the whole agenda. |
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| 'Project Tiger' in India |
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Project Tiger was initiated
in India to save the Bengal Tigers from
extinction. The project, which commenced on
April 1, 1973, is one of the most successful
wildlife conservation endeavors. The task aims
at tiger preservation in specially constituted
reserves for tigers, spread over
bio-geographically diverse sections of India.
From a mere 1200 in 1970, the tiger count went
up to 3500 in the 1990 and hovered around this
number till 2000. |
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| Tiger Reserves set up initially were |
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The Tiger Parks in India |
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| East India Tiger Park |
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West India Tiger Park |
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:: Kaziranga Tiger Reserve, Assam
:: Manas Tiger Reserve, Assam
:: Nameri Tiger Reserve, Assam
:: Namdapha Tiger Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh
:: Pakhui Tiger Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh
:: Valmiki Tiger Reserve, Bihar
:: Indravati Tiger Reserve, Chattishgarh
:: Palamau Tiger Reserve, Jharkhand
:: Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram
:: Simlipal Tiger Reserve, Orissa
:: Sunabeda Tiger Reserve, Orissa
:: Buxa Tiger Reserve, WB
:: Sunderbans Tiger Reserve, WB
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:: Melghat Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra
:: Pench Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra
:: Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra
:: Shahayadri Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra
:: Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan
:: Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan
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| Central & North India Tiger Park |
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South India Tiger Park |
:: Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve, MP
:: Bori-Satpura Tiger Reserve, MP
:: Kanha Tiger Reserve, MP
:: Pench Tiger Reserve, MP
:: Ratapani Tiger Reserve, MP
:: Dudhwa Tiger Reserve, UP
:: Pilibhit Tiger Reserve, UP
:: Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand
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:: Nagarjunsagar - Srisailam Tiger Reserve, AP
:: Bandipur Tiger Reserve, Karnataka
:: Nagarhole (extension) Tiger Reserve, Karnataka
:: Bhadra Tiger Reserve, Karnataka
:: Periyar Tiger Reserve, Kerala
:: Kalakad - Mundathurai Tiger Reserve |
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